What is Artificial Intelligence? People have been asking this question as long as there has been the thought of Artificial Intelligence. Or as you may more commonly know it as, AI. According to Wikipedia or Wiki, it describes AI as the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. Wiki goes on to say, John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. Alan M. Turning is another key element in Artificial Intelligence. He was the founder of computer science, a mathematician, and philosopher just to start with. The “turning test” was designed by him and named after him also. A turning test is the test to see if a machine is intelligent by judging between the machines answers and a human in natural language/conversation. In case you were wondering the test is graded by a human as well. In this paper I hope to go over just a few of the examples of AI and how they have developed into our lives more and more. This will be the past, present, and future of Artificial Intelligence. It is the cornerstone of technology. Strap on your rocket belts cause it is going to be an informative ride.
Now that I have your attention and you are wondering what in the world is she talking about, I will do some explaining. I will start with the way things used to be, back in time when the first AI was said to be made. After searching and searching I finally found an article that shows what may have been the first robot. It is a soldier with an automatic bellows blowing a trumpet. It was made by Friedrich Kaufman of Dresden, Germany. Yes I said “is” just a few lines ago. The robot is still on display at present in the Munich Museum. Although now a clockwork spring drives it. That is defiantly a place I would like to go visit on vacation.
In 1958 AI technology came into Chevrolet when they introduced the electronic fuel injection system for their cars. It was called the DeSoto Electrojector. They never had a clue how something so simple would have evolved or did they? We will get to that upgrade later in the paper. I do not want to get ahead of myself or get you too confused.
Great things came from the year 1977. Cannot say I remember them. I was only 2 years old but what baby at 2 years is not happy. As I was learning to walk and talk scientist were putting the idea of robots doing just the same into serious work. It was also the year the famous “Star Wars” movie came out and sparked the idea that AI really could be made. The following year there efforts were rewarded. They came out with a new toy called the “Speak and Spell”. It was a toy that when you typed in the word would speak the translation for you. I actually remember having one as a child. They were a big deal in toys and technology. It was a chip that duplicated the first human voice. It was proof that AI could be made and not just on the movie screens. One more step to where we are today.
It did not take long after that to get things moving in the world of technology. In 1993 the Pentium 32-bit microprocessor was launched by Intel. This chip has 3.1 million transistors. That is a whole lot more than the Speak and Spell. So then in 1994 we had the introduction of “The World Wide Web”. Some people say it was the beginning of the end while others say it was the birth of future technology. I believe that choice is up to each person individually based on how you feel about the subject.
Now that I have shared a few kinds of AI with you, I want to share an email. I got this email in 2016 shortly after I started my class of INF 103 at Ashford. Regrettably I was unable to trace it because it came as a forward.
Most of the things mentioned in the above email were about how technology has changed over the years. I will not go into all of them. Yet now that you read them you can see how things have changed in many ways then it comes to AI technology and the way we use them. That being said I will now move on to where AI is now in the world at 2021.
One of the biggest ways I believe that we have changed AI technology is in our cars. We have many different options. You can chose from a gas guzzling Hemi Truck, Electric Powered Car that you plug into the wall, or even a Hydrogen Fueled Car. The last two examples I gave are called Green Cars. They are a very big deal right now. Technology has moved forward enough to where we can see just how much damage we have put on the environment. Now in 2021 we are trying to do what we can to slow or if we are lucky reverse those harmless effects. That is another paper so I will move on so I do not lose you. Let’s not forget also that we now have cars that park themselves or have warning system, help in the case of accident, heated seats, Ipod docks, CD / DVD players and navigation called On star. If your vehicle does not come with this option of On start, you can even buy on and have it installed. Some of these things in combination could proof a safety hazard. While I am driving I now have to be worried about the “other drivers” a lot more. I have to be concerned if they are watching the road or the movie that is now available for them to watch on their console. Either way the different ways that AI has been upgraded in cars has been giant compared to the past.
This next sample of AI is going to amaze you. I had no idea we had gone so far until I found an article at www.DiscoveryNews.com. We now have birthing robots at Johns Hopkins University that are helping students learn how to deliver babies. It even has a pulse so that the students are able to keep track of vitals as they go through different cases that could happen during a true birth. Coming from a mother that has had an attending physician and other students in the room while I was giving birth, I can say I am glad we have this AI. Having a child is hard enough without filling like you have everyone in town seeking a peak at you. I also found a very interesting video on YouTube about an android. It is a Japanese nurse that will interact with patients. I am not sure if that is a good thing or a bad thing. All I can be sure of is that we have only begun to touch the surface of AI. I will let you look at it if you like so you can decide. I found the video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f76wWVYxi1I . Having robotic Artificial Intelligence has not been without its consequences in the past and present. A Robert Williams was killed in an accident at work in a factory with a robot in 1971. The second account of an accident was regarding a 37 year old maintenance engineer at a Japanese Kawasaki plant. His name was Kenji Urada , who was killed in 1981. In an article in Think Artificial.org the second death is described as “border lining something you’d anticipate to read in a Frank Miller comic”. Did they have a reason to make it so dramatic? I say yes. I mean come on; the poor guy was pushed into a grinding machine. Wikipedia described it as “gruesome”. I would say that is an understatement. It just goes to show us that we are going to have to be responsible when it comes to using all forms of Artificial Intelligence technologies. Maybe they should spend less on making rules for AI to follow. Instead they should send out more safety seminars. I am just giving a suggestion. In both cases and I am sure more, I would say in actuality it would not be the machine killing them but just human error or clumsiness.
Another way we have moved forward with AI is our toys. More and more toys that are being made that are not just for kids. These toys are for most all ages of children and adults. We have gone from the Speak and Spell that I mentioned earlier to a video game called a Wii. I think it is about as close to virtual reality as you can get without going into high price and technical games, at the present date that is. The Wii records your height, weight, endurance, and other elements to let you play things like golf, tennis, yoga, and many others. Some other things that fall into this category are the Ipod and Ipad touch screen. It has replaced our old tapes and cd’s. It can also hold thousands more songs and videos. When you get the IPod touch it is the same thing but you are able chose your selections on it by simply touching the screen to direct it to what you want. As for the Ipad it is like having a tiny computer that holds music, videos, books, web content and much more.
It only took us a little over 12 years to out with Wi-Fi after the first introduction of the World Wide Web. Wi-Fi was the first wireless router for computers. It was a great start for industries like Internet Café’s. Now it is even an option when you travel and need to stay at a hotel or even some fast food restaurants. You can find Wi-Fi just about anywhere now. It is even an added parts of other AI technologies. An example of that would be the Ipad I mentioned earlier. For some of you that still think the internet is a small thing, it is only getting bigger and better. Or really in 2021 it is smaller the better. More and more companies are making phones, cameras, music players, etc. small enough to fit in your pockets.
Now I will get to the good stuff. Where will AI technology be in the future? That is a good question and a huge subject so I will do my best to minimize it. In 2025 the Lotus Elise will be coming out. It is said that it will be the leading in design. Though the dimensions have changed in the styling it will make it improve in the egress and ingress. They are one of the reasons the car has not been as much of a success according to consumers.
When it comes to the future of AI in robots, I have no doubt that it will be with Nanobots. Nanobots are tiny microscopic machines. Other names for them are Nano robotics, nanoids, nanites, Nano machines or Nano mites. They have been used as testing to cure diseases and many other things. Scientists have cured Diabetes type 1 in animals via nanobots. With the help of those same kinds of Nanobots they are working on a cure for Cancer and much more. I am sure that this AI will lead to just that. This will mean that human life span will grow. Would it great to have a life span grow? I think it would be great. The only difference is that I think it will be in the closer future. I dare say that it may be out before the Lotus. On the other hand it is only my opinion. You can find more information on this technology at http://www.ted.com/talks/ray_kurzweil_on_how_technology_will_transform_us.html . The only limit I see on AI is the way we use them and the rules in the way we use them. If you use Google to look up the three rules of robotics you will find that they are. One, A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Two, A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. Three, A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. Now that I said that I am sure in the future we will not be able to call it the three laws of robotics. It will change to the laws of robotics because so many more will be added.
The future of AI in toys and computers are another example of how we will leap forward. IBM alone invested 5.8 billion dollars in research and development in 2019. That is a lot of money to bring us new technologies for the future. In an article in Bloomberg IBM is said to be coming out with a holographic cell phone. In the article it states that they want to come out with this in at least five years from now. Other people say, the holographic televisions or computers are right there fighting to come out first. This form of technology will be a huge step in a new direction. I just wonder how you can keep a conversation on the phone private if it is done via a hologram. As for a hologram television or computer, I cannot wait. I have seen these kinds of things in Science Fiction shows/movies on television for years. I hope to listen to my grandchildren talk about how old fashioned it is to have such devices in our everyday home use. All technologies come to us at a price. In case you are wondering I never expect that to change.
All of the Artificial Intelligence technologies that I have went over is only a drop of water in an ocean of choices. Artificial Intelligence is a fast moving and forever changing controversial subject. I want to be cured of Fibromyalgia by it in the hopes that I will get to see my children, grandchildren, and so on grow in this fast paced world. It will take time but I have faith. I would not like to live to be 200 years old but a life without so much pain would great. My thanks and congratulations go out every part of the scientific community that helps us evolve in Artificial Intelligence technologies. We have benefited from their hard work and achievements and we will continue to do I am sure. After reading this paper I hope that you have learned something about the past, present, and future of Artificial Intelligence. Also I hope that you can see how we did, do, and will use these technologies and how it affects us.
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